John Gerald Potter

John Gerald Potter (1829–1908) was an English wallpaper manufacturer, known also as a patron of James McNeill Whistler.[1]

Background

The printing of calico was introduced to Darwen in Lancashire by James Greenway, in 1776.[2] John Potter (1773–1838), a Manchester merchant, married his daughter Sarah, and had a family of four sons and five daughters, of whom two died young. The sons included Charles Potter (1802–1872) and his brothers Alfred (born 1804), Harold (born 1806), and Edwin (born 1810). Of the daughters, Sarah Jane (born 1799) married the Hon. Anthony Oliver Molesworth of the Royal Artillery, and Julia (born 1817) married Nathaniel James Merriman and was mother of John X. Merriman.[3][4]

James Greenway set up the Dob Meadow Print Works for calico in 1808. He was joined in the business by John Potter, and William Maude, another son-in-law. Charles Potter, John's son, came to work there in the 1820s. In 1831, however, John Potter and William Maude were bankrupted. Charles Potter and William Ross, in 1832, set up a new partnership, Potter & Ross, printing calico.[5]

Potter & Co., wallpaper manufacturer in Darwen, was founded by Charles Potter, Harold and Edwin in 1840, spun out of the calico printers Potter & Ross.[6][7] The new business depended on Patent No. 8302 of 1839, obtained by Harold Potter, adapting a calico printing technique to wallpaper.[8]

Edmund Potter, another calico printer, was a nephew of John Potter (1773–1838), the son of his brother James.[4] There was therefore a family connection between the wallpaper Potters and Beatrix Potter, granddaughter of Edmund Potter. She showed she was aware of it, in a letter about a frieze of some of her characters.[9]

Life
Wallpaper section from 1853 by Potters of Darwen

John Gerald Potter was the only son of Charles Potter (1802–1872) and his wife Grace Gordon, born at Dinting, Derbyshire in July 1829.[1][10] He became a partner in Potter & Co., wallpaper manufacturers, in 1849.[6]

In 1854, with Robert Mills, Potter took out a patent for carpet manufacture improvements.[11] A family partnership, "The Darwen Carpet Company", was dissolved in 1858.[12] In 1862 Potter gave evidence to the Children's Employment Commission.[13] In 1864 he replaced his father as senior partner of the wallpaper firm.[14]

Mytton Hall, 1859 etching

Having lived in Earnsdale, Potter came to live at Mytton Hall, in Whalley.[1] The connection with Whistler came through his brother-in-law George Chapman, a minor artist and school friend of Whistler.[15] Potter was the first owner of Symphony in White, No. 2: The Little White Girl, an 1864 picture by Whistler.[16] He also came to own Nocturne: Blue and Silver – Cremorne Lights of 1872, now in the Tate collection; and other paintings.[1][17][18] In the 1890s Whistler took offence when Potter resold The Little White Girl for a profit.[1]

Three times an unsuccessful Liberal Party candidate for Blackburn, Potter contested the constituency first in 1865. According to the diary of Charles Tiplady, he was encouraged to do so by Ernest King, who owned the Blackburn Times. He stood again in 1868.[19] In the resulting 1869 by-election, he stood with John Morley. He stood for a last time in 1885, for Darwen, when he had the support of Edward Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby, who had left the Conservatives to become a Liberal.[20][21]

From 1884 Potter lived in London.[1] In 1885 he was a director of the Omaha Cattle Company.[22] In later life, he lived on the continent of Europe.[1]

Family

Potter married in 1851 Eliza Adelaide Chapman, daughter of James Chapman, R.N.. They had three sons and three daughters; John Charles Potter (1854–1920) was the eldest son.[1] The eldest daughter Grace married in 1878 James Mellor.[23] The youngest daughter, Julia Dasha, married Evelyn Scudamore, son of Henry Scudamore-Stanhope, 9th Earl of Chesterfield,[24] and was mother of Edward Scudamore-Stanhope, 12th Earl of Chesterfield.[3]

Lych-gate at the entrance to Sunnyhurst Woods, memorial to Charles and John Gerald Potter, given by John Charles Potter[25]

During the Lancashire Cotton Famine years 1862–3, Eliza Potter was an organiser of "mothers' kitchens" in Blackburn, providing meals for nursing mothers.[26] She also set up an orphanage.[27]

Notes
  1. "The Correspondence of James McNeill Whistler :: Biography John Gerald Potter, 1829–1908". Retrieved 8 July 2016.
  2. J. G. Shaw, History and Traditions of Darwen and its People (PDF), at p. 1
  3. Alan Victor Sugden; E. A. Entwisle (1939). Potters of Darwen, 1839 : 1939: A Century of Wallpaper Printing by Machinery. George Falkner & sons, Limited, printers. p. 22.
  4. Stephen Glover (1829). The History of the County of Derby: Drawn Up from Actual Observation, and from the Best Authorities; Containing a Variety of Geological, Mineralogical, Commercial, and Statistical Information. publisher. p. 358 note.
  5. Alan Victor Sugden; E. A. Entwisle (1939). Potters of Darwen, 1839 : 1939: A Century of Wallpaper Printing by Machinery. George Falkner & sons, Limited, printers. p. 29.
  6. Gordon Campbell (2006). The Grove Encyclopedia of Decorative Arts. Oxford University Press. p. 232. ISBN 978-0-19-518948-3.
  7. Sugden, Alan Victor; Edmondson, John Ludlam (1926). "A History of English Wallpaper, 1509–1914". Internet Archive. London: B. T. Batsford, Ltd. p. 221. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
  8. Alan Victor Sugden; E. A. Entwisle (1939). Potters of Darwen, 1839 : 1939: A Century of Wallpaper Printing by Machinery. George Falkner & sons, Limited, printers. p. 30.
  9. Beatrix Potter; Judy Taylor (1989). Beatrix Potter's Letters. F. Warne. p. 335. ISBN 978-0-7232-3437-1.
  10. Alan Victor Sugden; E. A. Entwisle (1939). Potters of Darwen, 1839 : 1939: A Century of Wallpaper Printing by Machinery. George Falkner & sons, Limited, printers. p. 19.
  11. C. T. Judkin and W. Bridges Adams, Journal of the Society of Arts, Vol. 2, no. 61, pp. 141–152 at p. 152. Published by: Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce. Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/23850866
  12. "Notice: dissolution of partnership of Charles, Harold, Edwin and John Gerald Potter, The National Archives". Retrieved 10 July 2016.
  13. Reports from Commissioners. Ordered to be printed. 1863. p. 122.
  14. Robin Spencer, Whistler's Early Relations with Britain and the Significance of Industry and Commerce for His Art. Part II, The Burlington Magazine Vol. 136, No. 1099 (Oct. 1994), pp. 664–674, at p. 670. Published by: Burlington Magazine Publications Ltd. Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/886198
  15. Robin Spencer, Whistler's Early Relations with Britain and the Significance of Industry and Commerce for His Art. Part I, The Burlington Magazine Vol. 136, No. 1093 (Apr. 1994), pp. 212–224, at p. 220. Published by: Burlington Magazine Publications Ltd. Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/886084
  16. Elizabeth Prettejohn (1999). After the Pre-Raphaelites: Art and Aestheticism in Victorian England. Manchester University Press. pp. 66–. ISBN 978-0-7190-5406-8.
  17. "'Nocturne: Blue and Silver – Cremorne Lights', James Abbott McNeill Whistler, Tate". Retrieved 8 July 2016.
  18. Robin Spencer, Whistler's Early Relations with Britain and the Significance of Industry and Commerce for His Art. Part II, The Burlington Magazine Vol. 136, No. 1099 (Oct. 1994), pp. 664–674, at p. 664. Published by: Burlington Magazine Publications Ltd. Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/886198
  19. Keith Dewhurst (1 February 2013). Underdogs: The Unlikely Story of Football's First FA Cup Heroes. Random House. pp. 62–. ISBN 978-0-224-08314-0.
  20. J. G. Shaw (2012). Darwen and its People. Lulu.com. p. 202. ISBN 978-1-4710-3290-5.
  21. Cabinet biographies: our political leaders : liberal : being a ... gossipy ... and unpolitical sketch of the leading liberals of the day (1885), p. 30. LSE Selected Pamphlets. Contributed by: LSE Library. Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/60214479
  22. Keith Dewhurst (1 February 2013). Underdogs: The Unlikely Story of Football's First FA Cup Heroes. Random House. p. 287. ISBN 978-0-224-08314-0.
  23. "Marriages". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 25 January 1878. p. 8. Retrieved 10 July 2016 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  24. "Marriages". Derbyshire Advertiser and Journal. 4 May 1888. p. 5. Retrieved 10 July 2016 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  25. Historic England. "Sunnyhurst Woods (1001358)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 10 July 2016.
  26. "Mothers' Kitchens". Blackburn Standard. 17 June 1863. p. 4. Retrieved 10 July 2016 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  27. History of the Distress in Blackburn, 1861–5: And the Means Adopted for Its Relief. J. N. Haworth. 1865. p. 41.
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