List of female scientists in the 20th century

This is a historical list dealing with women scientists in the 20th century. During this time period, women working in scientific fields were rare. Women at this time faced barriers in higher education and often denied access to scientific institutions; in the Western world, the first-wave feminist movement began to break down many of these barriers.

Marie Curie (1867–1934), two time Nobel Laureate

Anthropology

Margaret Mead

Archaeology

  • Sonia Alconini (born 1965), Bolivian archaeologist of the Formative Period of the Lake Titicaca basin
  • Birgit Arrhenius (born 1932), Swedish archaeologist
  • Dorothea Bate (1878–1951), British archaeologist and pioneer of archaeozoology.
  • Alex Bayliss British archaeologist
  • Crystal Bennett (1918–1987), British archaeologist whose research focused on Jordan
  • Zeineb Benzina Tunisian archeologist
  • Jole Bovio Marconi (1897–1986), Italian archaeologist and prehistorian
  • Juliet Clutton-Brock (1933–2015), British zooarchaeologist who specialized in domestic animals
  • Dorothy Charlesworth (1927–1981), British archaeologist and expert on Roman glass
  • Lily Chitty (1893–1979), British archaeologist who specialized in the preshistoric history of Wales and the [west of England]
  • Mary Kitson Clark (1905–2005), British archaeologist best known for her work on the Roman-British in Northern England
  • Bryony Coles (born 1946) British prehistoric archaeologist
  • Alana Cordy-Collins (1944–2015), American archaeologist specializing in Peruvian prehistory
  • Rosemary Cramp (born 1929), British archaeologist whose research focuses on Anglo-Saxons in Britain
  • Joan Breton Connelly American classical archaeologist
  • Margaret Conkey (born 1943), American archaeologist
  • Hester A. Davis, (1930–2014), American archaeologist who was instrumental in establishing public policy and ethical standards
  • Frederica de Laguna (1906–2004), American archaeologist best known for her work on the archaeology of the Pacific Northwest and Alaska
  • Kelly Dixon, American archaeologist specializing in the American West
  • Janette Deacon (born 1939), South African archaeologist specializing in rock art conservation
  • Elizabeth Eames (1918–2008), British archaeologist who was an expert on medieval tiles
  • Anabel Ford (born 1951), American archaeologist
  • Aileen Fox (1907–2005), British archaeologist known excavating prehistoric and Roman sites throughout the United Kingdom
  • Alison Frantz (1903–1995), American archaeological photographer and Byzantine scholar
  • Honor Frost (1917–2010), Turkish archaeologist who specialized in underwater archaeology
  • Perla Fuscaldo (born 1941), Argentine egyptologist
  • Elizabeth Baldwin Garland, American archaeologist
  • Kathleen K. Gilmore (1914–2010), American archaeologist known for her research in Spanish colonial archaeology
  • Dorothy Garrod (1892–1968), British archaeologist who specialized in the Palaeolithic period
  • Roberta Gilchrist (born 1965), Canadian archaeologist specializing in medieval Britain
  • Marija Gimbutas (1921–1994), Lithuanian archaeologist (Kurgan hypothesis)
  • Hetty Goldman (1881–1972), American archaeologist and one of the first female archaeologists to conduct excavations in the Middle East and Greece
  • Audrey Henshall (born 1927), British archaeologist and prehistorian
  • Corinne Hofman (born 1959), Dutch archaeologist
  • Cynthia Irwin-Williams (1936–1990), American archaeologist of the prehistoric Southwest
  • Wilhelmina Feemster Jashemski (1910–2007), American archaeologist who specialized in the ancient site of Pompei
  • Margaret Ursula Jones (1916–2001), British archaeologist best known for directing Britain's largest archaeological excavation at Mucking, Essex
  • Rosemary Joyce (born 1956), American archaeologist who uncovered chocolate's archaeological record and studies Honduran pre-history
  • Kathleen Kenyon (1906–1978), British archaeologist known for her research on the Neolothic culture in Egypt and Mesopotamia
  • Alice Kober (1906–1950), American classical archaeologist best known for her research that led to the deciphering of Linear B
  • Kristina Killgrove (born 1977), American bioarchaeologist
  • Winifred Lamb (1894–1963), British archaeologist
  • Mary Leakey (1913–1996), British archaeologist known for discovering Proconsul remains which are now believed to be human's ancestor
  • Li Liu (archaeologist) (born 1953), Chinese-American archaeologist specializing in Neolithic and Bronze Age China
  • Anna Marguerite McCann (1933–2017), American archaeologist known for her work in underwater archaeology
  • Isabel McBryde (born 1934), Australian archaeologist
  • Betty Meehan (born 1933), Australian anthropologist and archaeologist
  • Audrey Meaney (born 1931), British archaeologist and expert on Anglo-Saxon England
  • Margaret Murray (1863–1963), British-Indian Egyptologist and the first woman to be appointed a lecturer in archaeology in the United Kingdom
  • Bertha Parker Pallan (1907–1978), American archaeologist known for being the first female Native American archaeologist
  • Tatiana Proskouriakoff (1909–1985), Russian-American archaeologist who contributed significantly to deciphering the Maya hieroglyphs.
  • Charlotte Roberts (born 1957), British bioarchaeologist
  • Margaret Rule (1928–2015), British archaeologist led the excavation of the Tudor Warship Mary Rose'
  • Elisabeth Ruttkay, (1926–2009), Austrian Neolithic and Bronze Age specialist
  • Hanna Rydh (1891–1964), Swedish archaeologist and prehistorian
  • Elizabeth Slater (1946–2014), British archaeologist who specialized in British archaeologist archaeometallurgy
  • Julie K. Stein, Researches prehistoric humans in the Pacific Northwest
  • Hoang Thi Than (born 1944), Vietnamese geological engineer and archaeologist
  • Birgitta Wallace (born 1944), Swedish–Canadian archaeologist whose research focuses on Norse migration to North America.
  • Zheng Zhenxiang (born 1929), Chinese archaeologist and Bronze Age specialist

Astronomy

Biology

Barbara McClintock

Chemistry

Alice Ball

Geology

Inge Lehmann in 1932

Mathematics or computer science

Grace Hopper, computer scientist

Science education

Mexican civil engineer, Concepción Mendizábal Mendoza (1893–1985)

Engineering

Medicine

Paleoanthropology

Physics

Maria Goeppert-Mayer
Emmy Noether
  • Rosalyn Sussman Yalow (1921–2011), American medical physicist (Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977 for radioimmunoassay)
  • Fumiko Yonezawa (1938–2019), Japanese theoretical physicist
  • Toshiko Yuasa (1909–1980), Japanese nuclear physicist

Psychology

See also

Notes

  1. "Janine Connes". CWP.
  2. "Sandra Faber". CWP.
  3. "Vera Rubin". Archived from the original on 2013-04-24. CWP.
  4. Rayner-Canham & Rayner-Canham 2001
  5. "Ellen Gleditsch". CWP.
  6. "Mary L. Cartwright". Archived from the original on 2016-10-17. CWP.
  7. Kenschaft, Patricia C. (2005). Change Is Possible: Stories of Women And Minorities in Mathematics. American Mathematical Society. p. 47. ISBN 978-0-8218-3748-1. Retrieved 19 October 2012.
  8. "Fay Ajzenberg-Selove". CWP.
  9. "Milla Baldo-Ceolin". CWP.
  10. "Katharine Blodgett". CWP.
  11. "Christiane Bonnelle". CWP.
  12. "Jenny Rosenthal Bramley". IEEE Global History Network. IEEE. 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  13. "Jennry Rosenthal Bramley". CWP.
  14. "Nina Byers". Archived from the original on 2014-10-16. CWP.
  15. "Yvette Cauchois". CWP.
  16. "Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat". CWP.
  17. 오, 정연 (6 February 2013). "기초과학지원연구원장에 정광화 충남대 대학원장" [Chung Kwang-Hwa, President of the Graduate School of Chungnam National University]. Daejon Ilbo (in Korean). Daejeon. Archived from the original on 11 October 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  18. "Patricia Cladis". CWP.
  19. "Esther Conwell". CWP.
  20. "Cécile DeWitt-Morette". CWP.
  21. "Nancy M. Dowdy". CWP.
  22. "Mildred Dresselhaus". CWP.
  23. "Helen T. Edwards". Archived from the original on 2013-08-06. CWP.
  24. "Magda Ericson". CWP.
  25. "Rosslyn Shanks". iwonderweather. Retrieved 2016-08-18.
  26. "Joan Feynman". CWP.
  27. "Judy Franz". CWP.
  28. "Phyllis S. Freier". CWP.
  29. "Mary K. Gaillard". Archived from the original on 2004-09-18. Retrieved 2015-12-01. CWP.
  30. "Fanny Gates". CWP.
  31. "Maria Goeppert-Mayer". CWP.
  32. "Gertrude Scharff Goldhaber". CWP.
  33. "Sulamith Goldhaber". CWP.
  34. "Gail Hanson". CWP.
  35. "Evans Hayward". CWP.
  36. "Caroline Herzenberg". CWP.
  37. "Shirley Jackson (physicist)". CWP.
  38. "Bertha Swirls Jeffreys". CWP.
  39. "Renata Kallosh". Archived from the original on 2004-09-25. CWP.
  40. "Berta Karlik". CWP.
  41. "Bruria Kaufman". Archived from the original on 2004-09-25. Retrieved 2015-12-01. CWP.
  42. "Marcia Keith". CWP.
  43. "Margaret Kivelson". Archived from the original on 2013-08-06. Retrieved 2015-12-01. CWP.
  44. "Noemie Benczer Koller". CWP.
  45. "Doris Kuhlmann-Wilsdorf". CWP.
  46. "Elizabeth Laird". CWP.
  47. "Juliet Lee-Franzini". Archived from the original on 2014-10-16. CWP.
  48. "Inge Lehmann". Archived from the original on 2015-03-19. CWP.
  49. "Kathleen Lonsdale". Archived from the original on 2016-10-05. CWP.
  50. "Margaret Eliza Maltby". CWP.
  51. "Helen Megaw". Archived from the original on 2016-10-06. CWP.
  52. Desanka Trbuhovic-Gjuric (1988). Im Schatten Albert Einsteins: Das tragische Leben der Mileva Einstein-Maric. Verlag Paul Haupt Bern und Stuttgart. ISBN 3258039739.
  53. "Kirstine Meyer". CWP.
  54. "Luise Meyer-Schutzmeister". CWP.
  55. "Marcia Neugebauer". Archived from the original on 2012-08-06. Retrieved 2015-12-01. CWP.
  56. "Gertrude Neumark". CWP.
  57. "Ida Tacke Noddack". Archived from the original on 2013-08-06. CWP.
  58. "Marguerite Perey". CWP.
  59. "Melba Phillips". CWP.
  60. "Agnes Pockels". CWP.
  61. "P. Ya. Polubarinova-Kochina". CWP.
  62. "Edith Quimby". CWP.
  63. "Helen Quinn". Archived from the original on 2015-02-27. CWP.
  64. "Myriam Sarachik". CWP.
  65. "Bice Sechi-Zorn". CWP.
  66. "Johanna Levelt Sengers". CWP.
  67. "Hertha Sponer". CWP.
  68. "Isabelle Stone". CWP.
  69. "История Кристаллографии Лаборатория Кристаллооптики Института Кристаллографии Ран" [History of the Crystallography Laboratory Of Crystal-optics of the Institute of Crystallography of the Russian Academy of Sciences]. Кристаллография (Crystallography) (in Russian). Moscow, Russia: Издательство МАИК. 55 (6): 1146–1152. 2010. ISSN 0023-4761. Archived from the original on 30 May 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  70. "Akademik Asociuar Afërdita Veveçka" [Academic associate Afërdita Veveçka]. akad.gov.al (in Albanian). Tirana, Albania: Academy of Sciences of Albania. 2017. Archived from the original on 20 October 2018. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
  71. "Katharine Way". CWP.
  72. "Sau Lan Wu". CWP.
  73. "Xide Xie". CWP.
  74. Kemp, Hendrika Vande (2001). "Helen Flanders Dunbar (1902–1959)". The Feminist Psychologist. 28 (1). Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  75. Duke, Carla; Fried, Stephen; Pliley, Wilma; Walker, Daley (August 1989). "Contributions to the history of psychology LIX: Rosalie Rayner Watson: The mother of a behaviorist's sons". Psychological Reports. 65 (1): 163–169. doi:10.2466/pr0.1989.65.1.163.
  76. "Marianne L. Simmel (1923-2010)". American Psychologist. 67 (2): 162. February–March 2012. doi:10.1037/a0026289.
  77. Brown, A. M.; Lindsey, D. T. (2013). "Infant color vision and color preferences: A tribute to Davida Teller". Visual Neuroscience. 30 (5–6): 1–8. doi:10.1017/S0952523813000114. PMID 23879986.
  78. "Davida Y. "Vida" Teller, Ph.D". The Seattle Times. Seattle, WA. October 23, 2011. Retrieved November 20, 2013.

References

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